Then data were transcribed and analysed by descriptive statistics. This practice has helped the smallholder farmers to maintain the local agro-ecology while they also managed to get nutritional sources of food within their own holdings. Biodiversity Status in Ethiopia and Challenges - - - Husen et al. The use of indigenous knowledge has been seen by many as an alternative way of promoting development in poor rural communities in many parts of the world. Demissew, S., 1993. The benefits of agroforestry practices in terms of drought resistance was also rated high as trees can tolerate short and longer term water stress while providing all the environmental, nutritional and economic benefits to the practitioners and the locality (Figure 7, Figure 8). It is native to southern Ethiopia. The general model of agroforestry practices considers shrubs, crops, perennials, trees, livestock, etc. The paper identified and listed a … In the South it is not uncommon to see about ten different types of trees in the backyard of the smallholder farmers, mostly dominated by multipurpose species which have nutritional, economic and economic importance. The indigenous trees of Ethiopia by Friedrich Von Breitenbach, 1963, Ethiopian Forestry Association edition, in English - 2nd, rev. Livestock production forms the major part of the livelihoods of the rural communities. In line with this, planting of trees in crop lands is also known to reduce insect pest and disease infestation. Figure 5. Agroforestry has been practiced for centuries in different parts of the world by making use of indigenous technical knowledge. Figure 2. It is a growing environmental and economic threat to the county. In some areas, the mountains are covered with shrubs such as pyracantha, jasmine, poinsettia, and a varied assortment of evergreens. Many of the rural poor are able to generate income through the production of trees which has created the enabling environment for ease of access to health services and nutritional sources. Other trees such as Ficus and Olive species are also grown in the backyard since they serve as medicinal plants. 3377). Biodiversity Status in Ethiopia and Challenges - - - Husen et al. Livestock and Agroforestry Practices. It estimated as a mature poplar tree can help to sequester 266 kgs of carbon and a white spruce tree will sequester 143 kgs of carbon. indigenous or non indigenous species that can heavily colonize a particular habitat.2 Alien species are non-native or exotic organisms that occur outside their adaptive ranges and dispersal ranges.3,4 IAS are all categories of living organisms (plants, mammals and insects) which comprise the most common types in terrestrial environments.4 Sumac (Rhus spp.) List of some scantly researched indigenous fruit trees/shrubs of Tropical African origin. gardens for cultivation of multipurpose plants and finding markets for potential home garden products needs to be followed up. were explored during the discussions. are among to mention (Table 1). The climate change training by the Initiative Living Community Action (ILCA) provided the farmers with more knowledge and information about the value of trees in mitigating many of the climate change effects their community faces. Farmers' Indigenous knowledge: Cultivation, Utilization and classification, of Enset in North Omo (Ethiopia) Kefale Alemu Introduction Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a perennial herbaceous root crop with long broad leaves and bulky pseudostem. References. Country strategic opportunities programme, South-south and triangular cooperation (SSTC), Near East, North Africa, Europe and Central Asia, Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme, China-IFAD South-South and Triangular Cooperation Facility, Climate and Commodity Hedging to Enable Transformation, Facility for Refugees, Migrants, Forced Displacement and Rural Stability, Insurance for Rural Resilience and Economic Development, International Aid Transparency Initiative, National Designated Authorities partnership platform, Platform for Agricultural Risk Management, Smallholder and Agri-SME Finance and Investment Network, Working Group on the Transition Framework, Working group on the Performance-based Allocation System, Global Forum on Remittances, Investment and Development. Common plants such as coriander, myrrh, cardamom, chat and caraway also populate Ethiopia’s diverse landscapes. Apart from this, agroforestry practices are also known to increase the biodiversity resource potentials. Today, nearly seven thousand plant species, one thousand of which are endemic to Ethiopia, are Only 500 Walia Ibex still exist in the Semien Mountains of Ethiopia, both due to poaching … In light of this, both primary data and secondary data were used. Flora of Ethiopia and … The indigenous knowledge and practices of agroforestry, however, are being eroded as a result of the increased need of the ever increasing human population. In the Chencha region of southern Ethiopia, erosion continues to be a pressing concern for the Gamo people, one of the main indigenous tribes of Ethiopia. Typical home garden agroforestry practices in Lante. The plant bears 1 to 5 pitted fruits that are drupe and open at maturity. Their role in livelihoods development, climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation and green economy development is also vital for the development of human capital on the face of the earth. Now, she understands why the cropping seasons were changing and underground water sources were diminishing. many others. 4.3. Dyes that need this type of assistance are called adjective or mordantdyes. The leaf fall which will stay on the surface also serves to lower down the devastating effects of rainfall drop splash and erosion. Caraway, carcade, cardamom, chat, coriander, incense, myrrh, and red pepper are common. Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in Ethiopia is unevenly distributed among community members. It is also worthy to note that these figures doesn’t include the amount of carbon which will be stored in the roots below the ground that could amount 50% - 75% of the total stored on the other parts of the tree above the ground. Ethiopia is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world. Open Access Library Journal, 3: e3278. The practices have helped to fight hunger by the deployment of agroforestry based soil fertility and land management methods. F.A. Then data was transcribed and analyzed by making use of descriptive statistics on excel sheet and through content analysis. Frankincense is a moderate growing flowering plant native to the tropical regions of Africa and Asia. These ecosystems are serving by being source of food, shelter, energy, construction materials, etc. In terms of dietary diversification agroforestry has given more varieties of food than other forms of agriculture. and walnut (Juglans spp.) The indigenous trees of Ethiopia by Friedrich Von Breitenbach, 1963, Ethiopian Forestry Association edition, in English - 2nd, rev. Vegetables such as capsicum, cabbage and sweet potatoes are also widely practiced as they form the major source of food in the community. plant products [21] particularly in the indigenous flora of lesser studied countries like Ethiopia. Since societies have lived for long period of time in a specific area, indigenous knowledge has been transferred from generation to generation by building on new inventions on what has been inherited across years. Thus, agroforestry has played to cope up with disaster by building the resilience of the community in times of drought and rain failure. His father taught him how to weave and secured all of the necessary equipment for him to begin his own business. Because these species are high in tannic acid, they do not require additional substances to be added for the dye to attach to fibers and form a durable bond. Box 2035, Mekelle, Ethiopia b Mekelle University, Department of Biology, P.O. Ethiopia has a large variety of indigenous plant and animal species. 4.4. I. (2016) Indigenous Agroforestry Practices in Southern Ethiopia: The Case of Lante, Arba Minch. The distribution This is mainly because of the fact that, during that regime each individual household was allowed to own a very small area of land at their backyard for their private use as a result of the communalism of resources ideology that was strategized at that time. With growing momentum in the country for botanic garden development, the Global Trees Campaign is working with partners in Ethiopia to develop projects to save the country’s threatened trees from extinction. No single approach of food security will be productive without the ecological and economic contribution of trees. The region is known for its diverse and immense biodiversity resources that contributed for healthy ecosystem functions, sustainable livelihoods development and enhanced food security status of the region [5] . It has also enabled the communities to be empowered economically as they can always find to be cashed and fulfill household needs. The mango trees with their widespread canopy will reduce wind speed and there will also be less competition for nutrients as these plants have a different rooting system which will let them use soil nutrients and water from the different strata of the soil profile. Recently, Abraham's son asked if his father could cut down an older Koso tree to make him a bed. In this practice the most common activity is the cultivation of bananas with mango trees. This multi-purpose root crop is … Lulekal et al. A description of 326 species of 158 genera and 68 families (including naturalized exotics), their native and trade names, data on distribution, ecology, wood properties and uses, propagation etc., with a key to families and genera, and 129 line drawings, preceded by a description of the chief natural plant communities of Ethiopia [cf. In the southern region of Ethiopia in general and Lante Kebele in particular home. Rosa abyssinica, the only indigenous African rose. Once established, agroforestry practices also need less intensive farm management activities and this has favored the local communities to have more time to perform other off-farm income generation activities. There are two cropping seasons, namely, Belg (short rainy season from March to May), Meher (main rainy season of June to September). Ecosystem Services of Agroforestry Practices. In 1790, the first European, James Bruce of Scotland, documented only 18 plants in his Natural History of Ethiopia. There are 5 endemic genera (marked red) but no endemic families. Medicinal Plant Diversity. Respondents preference from agroforestry and modern agriculture. as a basic element to it. In some areas, the mountains are covered with shrubs such aspyracantha, jasmine, poinsettia, and a varied assortment of evergreens. SynsepalumMagic plant 9. The communities involved were Malla and Manja. non-agroforestry practices (Figure 8). ed. Agroforestry can also be defined as a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resource management system that, through the integration of trees on farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels”. also known as Bagana (Sidamo), is a plant of the genus Amorphophallus. Farmers' Indigenous knowledge: Cultivation, Utilization and classification, of Enset in North Omo (Ethiopia) Kefale Alemu Introduction Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a perennial herbaceous root crop with long broad leaves and bulky pseudostem. Walia Ibex. At Bale and Simien massifs open habitat typical plants are – soft green guassa grass, ericaceous heathers and spectacular palm-like giant lobelias.Striking plants are the ‘red-hot-pokers’ of the genus Kniphofia. Today, Abraham has been weaving for four years, and the profits he has generated have gone toward supporting his young son. This can also improve the physio-chemical characteristics of the soil which can result for a better infiltration potential of the soil. In Zimbabwe the colonial era was characterised by huge economic disparities. Maize another important staple crop of the area is also cultivated in this system. 2012.pdf Content available from Kamal C. Semwal: Book chepter Biodiversity Status in Ethiopia and Challenges.pdf In addition to this, cattle, chicken, donkeys, goats and sheep are reared in the backyard and the free gazing system of the locality. Chickens are also reared around homesteads. There is vast evidence that agroforestry practices to play a pivotal role in sustaining ecological balances by providing different ecosystem services. Fruits like Mango, Papaya, Lemon, False banana (‘Enset’), Orange, Avocado and Banana are also serving as sources of supplementary food and income generation opportunities. Box 3072, Mekelle, Ethiopia Received 31 August 2010; received in revised form 9 June 2011; accepted 20 June 2011 Eighty percent of the Ethiopian people depend on traditional medicine for their health care (Dawit and Ahadu, 1993), and more than 95% of traditional medicinal preparations in Ethiopia are made from plant origin (Dawit, 1986)…Read more. This will also develop and enhance the country’s contribution towards the global efforts of global mitigation of greenhouse gases whilst it helps to ensure the inclusive growth by improving the resilience of the poorer communities towards the effects of climate change [6] . protect indigenous knowledge arises from the fact that drug companies make financial gains as well as exploit the medicinal properties in plants used by indigenous traditional people to treat various illnesses such as cancer and yet there is no recognition given. Journal of Essential Oil Research 5, 465-479. gardens for cultivation of multipurpose plants and finding markets for potential home garden products needs to be followed up. When they do get cut down, they must always be replaced. 1994), harbouring more than 8000 plant species, with 24 percent endemic to the region (Friis et al. It is a widely practiced activity in the region and that has helped the region to remain green while the rest of the country’s woody vegetation is being degraded substantially. Sheep and goats are widely reared in the area. Copyright © 2016 by author and Open Access Library Inc. Some, however, also preferred the field crops production since they considered harvesting a reasonable amount of produce in a specific period of time as an advantage (Figure 3). Policies should also consider mechanisms to engage women in decision- making since that will help to improve the adoption of home garden agroforestry practices as well. Desta, B., 1994. Open Access Library Journal Vol.03 No.12(2016), Article ID:73000,12 pages 10.4236/oalib.1103278. ed. 2. Baobab 5. Farming activities such as ploughing and transport are being accomplished by making use of draft animals. Semi-structured interviews with the local inhabitants and ground truthing observations were deployed as data collect instruments. 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