Historical Map of South American nations (29 April 1879 - Conquest of the Desert: Through much of the 19th century, the Argentine Republic had maintained an uneasy existence with the tribal peoples of the southern Pampas. Near the Chico and Santa Cruz rivers, the plains have spread to within about 50 miles (80 kilometres) of the coast and reach almost to the coast south of the Coig and Gallegos rivers. Patagonian - in southeastern South America. The Atacama Desert (Spanish: Desierto de Atacama) is a desert plateau in South America covering a 1,600 km (990 mi) strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes Mountains.The Atacama Desert is the driest nonpolar desert in the world, as well as the only true desert to receive less precipitation than the polar deserts and the largest fog desert in the world. Its limits are not exactly determined, but it lies mainly between the south bend of the Loa River and the mountains separating the Salado-Copiapó drainage basins. As pictured above, the prevailing south-east trade winds carrying moist air are forced to rise. Saharan - a huge desert covering much of northern Africa - the biggest desert in the world. Takla Makan-Gobi - a continental desert in central Asia. The desert is itself divided into subregions including the Colorado and Yuha deserts of California, the Yuma Desert of far southwest Arizona and the Arizona desert further east. Volcanic eruptions occurred in this area until fairly recent times, and basaltic sheets covered the tableland east of Lakes Buenos Aires and Pueyrredón. It continues a long way south into Mexico, nearly 500 miles down the east side of the Gulf of California. The first reason is that the desert sits on the wrong side of the Andes with regards to prevailing winds. Three different reasons contribute to the Atacama Desert being the driest place on earth. Australian Deserts . There are different ways of describing the American Southwest, but most descriptions are either too broad or too specific. Thar - in northwest India. Atacama – Peruvian desert (South America) 13. 1. The desert has extreme elevations which range from a high point of 11,049 feet at Telescope Peak to a low point of 282 feet below sea level at Death Valley. South of the Negro River, the plains are much more irregular. It sits between the Great Basin Desert to the north and the Sonoran Desert to the south. Atacama Desert Map Why is the Atacama Desert so dry? This map shows the region depicted as the Desert Southwest at Notes from the Road. Map of the Desert Southwest. North American - rain shadow deserts in southwestern North America, in the USA and Mexico. Patagonia, a sparsely-populated region at the southern end of South America, comprises the Patagonian Desert, a portion of the Andes mountains, grasslands and pampas. 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