While there are more than 70 languages spoken in Pakistan, including the provincial languages Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Balochi, the country’s official languages are Urdu and English. While there are six Indian institutions included among the top 500 in the current 2020 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, for instance, Quaid-i-Azam University is the only Pakistani institution featured in this group (at position 401–500). Bull Unesco Reg Off Educ Asia Pac. 2013. Moreover, Pakistan's economy is undergoing many economic and non-economic problems, including large increases in population and poverty, both of which continue to have a significant negative impact on the country's literacy rate. In addition, the HEC has established dedicated accreditation councils responsible for quality assurance at the program level in specific disciplines (education, agriculture, computing, business, and technology). Like other countries on the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan used to have bachelor’s degree programs that were only two or three years in length—a short duration by international standards. Even so, access to colleges remains heavily skewed toward urban areas. Further increases in student outflows from Pakistan are expected in the years ahead. NLM While that number is dwarfed by the more than 330,000 degree-seeking students from neighboring India, consider that Pakistan’s outbound mobility ratio—the percentage of international students among all students—is almost three time as high (2.7 percent in 2017) as that of India (1 percent). To promote a culture of continual quality improvement, the HEC introduced a ranking system that rates HEIs on a scale from W (highest) to X, Y, and Z (lowest) based on criteria like QA mechanisms, teaching quality, or research output. Most public universities, by contrast, are large multi-faculty research institutions that offer a full range of academic programs, including PhD programs, which are almost exclusively offered by public DAIs. 2018 Mar 30;6(1):128-136. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00285. Tertiary enrollments spiked from only 305,000 in 1990 to 1.9 million in 2018, according to UNESCO. This represents a significant increase from 2013 when there were 1,650 institutions with approximately 315,000 students. Degree & above comprises fourteen or more years of education. To ensure systematic and comprehensive coverage of population education through the existing formal and nonformal education programs the government is planning to undertake in collaboration with the UN Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and other bilateral and multilateral funding agencies. Postgraduate Bachelor of Education (BEd) credentials earned after one year of study following a two- or three-year bachelor’s degree in another discipline continue to be accepted for teaching positions at the lower secondary level (grades 9–10) as well. However, the country is also second in the world when it comes to young people not enrolled in school. The General Certificate of Education O-Level Examination that was offered in Nigeria until 1989 has been replaced by a second annual SSC exam in November/December. Authorized DAIs are mostly chartered universities but also include research institutes or military academies. The education level of Females in Pakistan is very low. In recent years, Pakistan has adopted increasingly modern methods of teaching and examination and has, following global trends, moved to a 12+4+2 structure. Curriculum development specialists prepared model lessons on the integration of population education with social studies, Pakistan studies, Urdu, health and physical education, and nursing and general science for the guidance of textbook writers and teachers. Funding and support from other countries, including Saudi Arabia and Iran, also play a role. Promoting Better Management, p. 21. Entry to the practice of law requires the completion of a five-year Bachelor of Laws (LLB) program, followed by a period of practical training and passing an examination conducted by one of Pakistan’s provincial Bar Councils. To become affiliated with a BISE, schools need to meet certain quality criteria set by the individual boards. This situation is exacerbated by striking inequalities based on sex and socioeconomic status. Pakistan has the highest rate of urbanization in South Asia. Need and Importance of Population Education 3. In addition, the curriculum includes a range of mandatory core subjects, generally Urdu, English, mathematics, Pakistan studies, and Islamic studies (ethics for non-Muslim students). According to UNESCO, the overall elementary NER in Pakistan stood at only 68 percent in 2018. In some provinces these new degrees have replaced the former Primary Teaching Certificate and Certificate in Teaching and now function as an interim credential. The academic calendar in elementary and secondary schools runs roughly from February through June and September through January with a break that coincides with monsoon season. Conversely, in the urban and more affluent Islamabad Capital Territory, merely 12 percent of children are not in school. Pakistan has taken in vast numbers of refugees from war-torn Afghanistan over the past decades and is still hosting some 2.4 million Afghan refugees. In this article let’s discuss overall situation of overpopulation and its effects on schooling throughout country. Pakistan is a significant exporter of international students globally. The most notable government policy, the 1986 Law on Nine-Year Compulsory Education, called for achievement of the ‘two basics’ (liangji): universal enrollment among school-aged children (6-15 years) and full literacy among those under the age of 20. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Islamiyat (Islamic studies) is a core subject up through lower-secondary school and is seen as critical to the inculcation of Islamic values in both personal development and the formation of a national identity. 148-154, Accessed February 2017. The level descriptors delineate qualifications of increasing complexity in terms of skills, as well as levels of responsibility, from functions that require supervision (level 1) to the ability to perform with full autonomy (level 4). Global Corruption Report: Education. Depending on the location and predominantly in rural areas, regional languages are used as well, particularly in elementary education. Improvements in these two areas would help reduce the adverse effects on the economy , effects which appear to be related to food security and malnutrition. While admission to these programs generally requires the Secondary School Certificate, there are various pathways to obtain an NVC. Accessed February 2017. The goal is to create a system of competency-based, nationally standardized TVET qualifications that are aligned with international standards. function footnote_expand_reference_container() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button').text('-'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container(); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.12 }, 80); } }, Subscribe to WENR, and discover other tools and publications. Independent accreditation councils also exist in professions like law, architecture, engineering, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine. At 2.03 percent Pakistan has the highest population growth rate in South Asia. The Council was instrumental in establishing the Population Association of Pakistan, a non-profit professional organization that shares scientific knowledge on population and development. Since HEIs rely heavily on non-tenured lecturers, the percentage of teaching staff with PhDs is consequently low. Pakistan’s population is set to grow by 40 million people in the next 15 years and the economy needs to grow by more than 7% a year to create jobs for this growing young population. Given Pakistan’s political instability, weak economy, and the shortcomings of its higher education system, Pakistan is not a significant destination country for international students. 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