However, the sample size of 20 boys is too small to arrive at general conclusion. These individuals may be called “charismatic” or “transformational” leaders. Traits of leaders with those of non-leaders (followers). Leadership is not only about personal qualities but also about management skills. They involve employees in the decision-making processes and engage in two-way communication with them. While management assumes hierarchical relationship amongst individuals, leaders and followers may not be related to each other through the formal chain of command. Warren Bennis conducted a study of 90 leaders and their subordinates and concluded that all the 90 leaders had the following four traits in common: The power of leaders to attract the attention of followers. Leadership style reflects different types of leaders. It is the power to give rewards in the form of bonus, increments, promotion etc. The essay here argues the … Fiedler identified two leadership styles, task-oriented and human relations-oriented. They combine ability with willingness and drive people to action. This is an effective style to use when: Employees are highly skilled, experienced, and educated. Individuals who emerged as leaders could not be identified on the basis of common traits. Different studies reflect the effectiveness of leadership style and leader behaviour. Leaders maximise output by setting structured work environment and minimum attention is paid to human needs and their satisfaction. Situation plays important role in determining the style of leadership. While the leader sets goals with subordinates, he also helps the subordinates find the best path to achieve these goals, both; work goals and personal goals. on. It specifies the employees with whom leaders can least get along well with. However, it wasn’t until the early part of the twentieth century that researchers usually began to study it. Four leadership styles arising out of two leader behaviours are shown as follows: This approach to leadership style was developed in 1960s by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton. What does he or she think will work? Encourages employees to grow on the job and be promoted. They promote the followers to work with zeal and confidence. Situational theory One of the major contingency approaches to leadership is Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard’s “situational leadership model” which holds that the most effective leadership style varies with the “readiness” of employees. The leader allows his team to decide how the task will be done and who will perform which task. Providing detailed guidelines for task performance, determining job duties of the team members and supervising them closely may be effective in a situation where team members do not have skills to understand the problem and the situation demands error-free, efficient and time-bound performance of the team. For very favourable and very unfavourable situations, task-oriented style is more suitable and for intermediate situations between the two extremes, task oriented style declines and human relations style increases while one is still in the range of favourableness. Management is, therefore, generally resistant to informal leaders. This is a complex and difficult task for the leaders. Disclaimer 8. Though successful leaders can be identified with certain traits, traits cannot always be identified with the success of a leader. 🎓 Inspiring Argumentative Essay Topics for College Students. Based on the qualities of leaders, trait theories identify and compare the: 1. Leaders are public figures and guide and inspire the people around on various things. However, it can be argued that a person’s job should be redesigned so that he is willing to make productive contribution in the organisation’s improved performance. As they demand subordination from followers, they must show subordination to their leaders. They are more of managers than leaders. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. The model is based on the following considerations: c. Leadership styles related to maturity level of employees. This is not the authoritarian style… rather it is an abusive, unprofessional style called bossing people around. 2. They show sympathy to their group members. The leadership styles did not lie on a single continuum. The rating was based on liking or disliking of working with others in the group measured along factors like pleasant-unpleasant, friendly-unfriendly etc. Bass has recently noted that authentic transformational leadership is grounded in moral foundations that are based on four components: Idealized influence Inspirational motivation Intellectual stimulation Individualized consideration Transactional or Management theory Management theories (also known as “Transactional theories”) focus on the role of supervision, organization, and group performance. Informal leaders do not have formal authority over the followers. The aim continues to be production but with a friendly approach towards subordinates. They have gone from a very classical autocratic approach to a very creative, participative approach. If formal organisation structure does not clearly specify the link between performance and rewards, directive leadership style is adopted to make employees understand the structure but if the link is clear, leader can adopt participative leadership style. Uploader Agreement. They should develop healthy relations with informal leaders and use them to fulfill the social and psychological needs of subordinates and through it, formal needs of the organisation. Wherever a person influences the behaviour of others, he exercises leadership. Leaders are role models for their followers. 3. However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. The theory suggests that leader can influence employees’ behaviour by understanding their needs, nature of task, liking for superiors, co-workers and work, organisation structure and helps them reach the goals by adopting the appropriate leadership style. Leaders ensure that followers can adjust to their nature and behaviour before they adopt any style of leadership. This system of leadership is a slight improvement over system 1. Authoritarian leadership styles is a method employed by leaders when implementing policies. Various situational factors like perception of managers and workers about each other, attitude towards work, nature of work, nature of workers etc., affect leadership style most appropriate to the situation. style. These studies say that autocratic leaders: Rely on threats and punishment to influence employees. The motivational forces are fear, threats and punishments (i.e., negative motivation) which extract bare minimum output from the workers. (a) As employees are responsible for framing and achieving the group goals, it increases their morale and they strive for higher job satisfaction. The path goal theory is based on expectancy model of motivation according to which employees are motivated to work because they perceive their efforts will lead to desired performance and performance, in turn, will lead to certain outcomes/rewards which will help them fulfill their needs. They are formally elected by management and are, therefore, accountable to them. The Michigan Studies identified two work groups consisting of people from business and non-business organisations. Informal groups totally merge their goals with the formal organisational goals. Despite the limitations, trait theory holds goods in certain fields of discipline. Some of these theories are discussed below: 1. Leaders motivate the employees by allowing them to participate in the decision-making processes. Organisational tasks can be accomplished effectively when managers focus on employee development and growth. In today’s changing world, fear and uncertainty prevail in business organisations. This represents low concern for production and high concern for people. Varying Leadership Style While the proper leadership style depends on the situation, there are three other factors that also influence which leadership style to use. Leaders should cooperate with the followers if they want the followers to cooperate with them. Check out this awesome Free Leadership Behavior Analysis: Crimson Tide’s Leading Personalities Argumentative Essays for writing techniques and actionable ideas. It is the power to punish undesirable tasks. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing assignments. Using this style is of mutual benefit -- it allows them to become part of the team and allows you to make better decisions. At the same time, they start asking themselves hard questions. They react favourably and behave the way leaders want them to behave. This style of leadership can be successful in the short-run. If the group members are highly competent and can take responsibility and are capable of functioning as an effective team (working together and solving problems), the most appropriate style for the leader would be the delegating type. The leader's perception of themselves and other factors such as stress and mood will also modify the leaders' behavior. Early research on leadership was based on the psychological focus of the day, which was of people having inherited characteristics or traits. Forces that influence the style to be used: 2. Leadership traits can be innate or acquired. He explains to them the work schedules, standards against which their performance will be measured and specific guidelines to complete the work. Often, however, as it is within the managers' whim to give or deny control to his or her subordinates, most participative activity is within the immediate team. A leadership style which works well in a particular situation may not work well in another situation. 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