This standard requires that circuit breakers have a 30-cycle withstand rating, describing the level of fault current that they can tolerate for 0.5 seconds without damage. "Switchgear"? Buy Panelboard, Switchboard, and Switchgear Lugs Information is provided based on the best of knowledge and belief and in the spirit of sharing information as a starting point in the study of a complex subject. What are the main differences between HV and LV switchgear? Like I said my answer isn't really an answer. Article 240 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) covers overcurrent protection and notes that all electrical conductors shall be protected. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Your enclosure material selection will, therefore, depend on the specific, An electrical enclosure is used in many different applications where housing and protecting electrical equipment is required. A standby UPS is therefore applicable to loads with a higher tolerance for system disturbances. Copyright 1998-2023 engineering.com, Inc. All rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission. Its typically applied in high-reliability facilities, like hospitals or data centers, where continuity of power is critical to effective operation. Switchgear breakers are typically installed four high in a vertical section, individually mounted. ("distribution panel" is not an officially defined term but I am assuming that's what you mean) Motor Control Center (MCC) is an official term for equipment listed to UL 845 and NEMA ICS-18, 3000A max., but the first "MCC" as . Switchgears are higher voltage than PDCs, and supply power to the transformers which feed the PDCs. UPSs are available in very small desktop units to power loads in hundreds of volt-amperes, to very large enterprise systems rated in thousands of kilowatts. Havells is the best brand of modular switches in India. Alarms are sounded for power loss. There are major differences in the hardware and design of the two systems. distribution panel vs switchgear. A Power Distribution Center (PDC) is basically just the name for a factory-built structure, a portable building, designed to HOUSE equipment such as SWG, SWBs, Transformers, PBDs, MCCs and/or other controls or instrumentation, in any combination or configuration the end user desires. For example, an oil circuit breaker relies . A transformer is an alternating-current electromagnetic device that magnetically moves power from one or more primary circuits to one or more secondary circuits. News & Research / IAEI Magazine / 2020 / 2020 July-August / Features. rev2023.1.17.43168. Switchgear is electrical distribution equipment: it accepts power from a source, routes it to a number of outputs and provides overcurrent protection and control functions. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Power factor (PF) is the ratio of working power, measured in kilowatts (kW), to apparent power, measured in kilovolt amperes (kVA). Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. 5. Switchgear uses include automatically breaking and switching on power in an electrical system, allowing electricians de-energize circuits for service, and monitoring power systems. It is an assembly of one or more panels, each of which contains switches that allow electricity to be redirected. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. Various examples of switchgear devices include fuses, switches, relays, potential transformers, lightning arresters, indicating instruments, and control panels. These breakers can be removed or replaced while the system is still in operation. The assemblies and components included in switchgears can also help in securing and isolating other systems. +86-371-67829333 Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. 2. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click Switchboard Manager to open the tool. It only takes a minute to sign up. Is there a certain amperage when it's considered a switchboard? It's a vital system in industries that experience electrical faults or those that need to regularly de-energize equipment for maintenance, such as industrial environments and electrical utilities. A switchboard isn't intended for motor control, only power reticulation. Because the breakers in switchgear are each in their own compartment, the gear is rated to withstand a short circuit condition for up to 30 cycles. Switchboard construction requires a considerably smaller footprint to provide the same distribution and protection functions, so available space will have an impact on the selection. A single-conversion or standby UPS continuously passes its input power directly to the load, while the input is acceptable. Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. Switchgear consists of individual components that often power and switch on equipment like transformers, generators, power networks and motors. Main Distribution panels are cabinets that house and separate subsidiary/branch circuits in addition to providing each circuit with protective fuses or circuit breakers. The function of a UPS is to provide high-quality power to its load when the primary power source, usually an electric utility, fails or becomes unacceptable. As such, its often installed on the secondary side of the power entry transformer where it supplies switchboards and other equipment. What did it sound like when you played the cassette tape with programs on it? I think you may mean switchboard as in the following: -. How to rename a file based on a directory name? Of the types of distribution equipment described in the NFPA 70: National Electrical Code Article 408: Switchboards, Switchgear and Panelboards, switchgear is generally the most robustly constructed, the largest and the most expensive. Look up the definition for a switched board in article 100. And capacitor cabinets. Switchboards. Panelboards and Branch Circuits A panelboard is a wall-mounted distribution cabinet containing a group of overcurrent and short-circuits protective devices for lighting, appliance, or power distribution branch circuits. Typically a switchboard is the primary power distribution device in a building. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Generally, electrical switchgear offers higher levels of system reliability than switchboards. There are three types of switch gears namely LV (Low voltage), MV (Medium voltage) and HV (High voltage) Switchgear. For example, load losses can be reduced by constructing the coils from larger wire, reducing their series resistance. To address this issue, some systems are available with modular, hot-swappable power supply and battery modules to allow incremental capacity and runtime upgrades as load increases. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. or 'runway threshold bar?'. Medium-voltage switchgear, rated above 1,000 volts, is manufactured in a variety of configurations. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Click here to start this process. Benefits, Types and Applications, 5 Top Advantages of Stainless Steel Enclosures. If youre ready to take advantage of reliable testing and maintenance services, call us at 704-573-0420, fill out our contact form, or visit one of our three Southeastern US locations to learn more and schedule a consultation. Will a Tesla coil work with a square wave inverter output, used as input? May also contain some control circuitry to control the motors as well. Panelboard is an official term for equipment listed to UL 67 and NEMA PB-1, 1200A max. zx lji dKe"0 XHP4Y ?3LIXJD$ j Ev"9Rj45 ! ' 1VXea6Z (.8PLM mym> "*A'k, H jLt/5RbG 9 b c fTXm*"'Ri c 8Wpu . At Power Products & Solutions, we will help you manage your electrical system with some facts on what the major system components are and what sets them apart. Panelboards are electrical distribution systems that share many of the same functions as switchboards but have several distinct differences that set them apart. They are often applied to small to mid-sized commercial applications like office buildings, retail centers, schools and warehouses. On the other hand, electrical switchboards are designed for use with lower voltages, typically below 600 V. For instance, a typical residential switchboard has a voltage rating of 120/240 V. Commercial and industrial facilities, on the other hand, may have switchboards with ratings of up to 600 V. Switchgear is designed to contain an electrical arc and comes with more elaborate insulation methods such as air, gas, oil, solid dielectric, and even vacuum. Switchgear may be open air devices used to protect an overhead power line, or it may come in the form of enclosed assemblies mounted with switchgear components. At those ratings, they are shallow enough to recess into a 2x4 stud wall and narrow enough to fit between studs on 16" centers. They are different from SWBs in that you have 'cells" (called "buckets") that contain the control equipment so that in theory, you can disconnect power from one bucket and allow the rest of the machinery powered by that MCC to continue to run. To consider the cabinet material, generally speaking, good quality switchgear, components such as brackets are imported aluminum zinc plate, while the door plate is used 300 series quality steel plate. This is the "circuit breaker panel" that is installed in most residential homes. vertical bussing. Understand the fundamental applications of this equipment. Of the types of distribution equipment described in the NFPA 70: National Electrical Code Article 408: Switchboards, Switchgear and Panelboards, switchgear is generally the most robustly constructed, the largest and the most expensive. Switchgear is utilized both to de-energize equipment. The resulting DC power is used to generate AC power for the load, using an internal inverter and to maintain the charge on the system batteries. . Most importantly, you now understand situations that call for switchgear and those that suit a switchboard. Garth Stevens, PE, is a Senior Electrical Engineer with Morrison-Maierle in Montana. Wires then connect the breakers to the electrical loads they feed. The most apparent difference between panelboards and switchboards is that a panelboard mounts to the wall. What Is A Switchgear? How does a solar / PV inverter get preference over grid source for the house load? Variations range from design and application to the components included. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. I'll prob delete my ramblings tomorrow so don't rely on them ! Magnetic induction was discovered and quantified in the 19th century by scientists whose contributions were so significant that their names have been attached to electrical units of measure and laws of physics. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Other features of transformers that normally appear in specifications are number of phases, number and spacing of transformer taps, enclosure characteristics, insulation medium, impedance and efficiency. But although switchboards are not required to contain an electrical arc, they may include features that mitigate the effects of an arc flash, such as Arc-Resistant Switchboards. And distribution cabinet volume is small, generally common only palm-sized, can be concealed in the wall, can also stand on the ground. It is also generally more expensive and less efficient, than the alternatives. Another main difference between switchgear and switchboard is the voltage rating. Maximum output apparent power, expressed in volt-amperes. For industrial applications, a transformer and switchgear line-up may be combined in one housing, called a unitized substation (USS). Fraction-manipulation between a Gamma and Student-t. Can I change which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch? More sensitive systems will require a level of redundancy. Required space for switchboards or switchgear frequently becomes an issue, especially in a leased facility where square footage equals income to the owner. 2020 Copiright. JavaScript is disabled. Switchboards are typically larger and accessible from both sides (front and back) while panel boards are only supposed to be accessible from the front. What is the typical voltage of power distribution in rural North America? On August 26, 2022, the 2022 National Grid Market Resource Cooperation Summit and Power Industry Top Ten Brands Award Ceremony, When it comes to electrical enclosure design, there are a few key factors to keep in mind. The NEC identifies switchgear as: An assembly completely enclosed on all sides and top with sheet metal (except for ventilating openings and inspection windows) and containing primary power circuit switching, interrupting devices, or both, with buses and connections. The primary role of the panel is to distribute power to different areas of the site according to the area's load and nature of the load's requirements. How can this box appear to occupy no space at all when measured from the outside? You can either add all your switchboard commands to the Main Switchboard or create secondary switchboards. Switchgear is tested to a different UL standard than panelboards and switchboards. So you will commonly find them in residential and commercial settings, such as homes, offices, and stores. UPSs require routine maintenance and, like everything else, they sometimes fail in service. 1. How dry does a rock/metal vocal have to be during recording? These assemblies are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front and are not intended to be installed in cabinets [NEC 100]. Switchboards, under UL 891, are not required to provide the same level of isolation between components. We have received your request and will respond promptly. DP vs SW BD Usually when you get to the 1200-1600A ranges you are looking at switchboard, but the differences are the physical space requirements switchboards will take up more re-estate and sometimes depending on the size configuration or project specifications may require rear access (not in all cases) as well as front access, where a distribution panels is usually around 12" deep and always front access. 9/9/2022The IAEI Preferred Provider Training Program (IPPTP), 7/12/2022ICC and IAEI Announce Enhanced Shipping and Publications Agreement, 3/25/2022 3/24/2023IAEIs One- and Two-Family Dwelling Electrical Systems- 2020 NEC (Part 1) On-Demand, 3/29/2022 3/28/2023Photovoltaic Systems- Electrical Calculations - On Demand, 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602 Richardson, TX 75080, EMAIL Differences between switchgears and Distribution Panels. How can we cool a computer connected on top of or within a human brain? Another way to look at it is a switchboard is floor-mounted, while a panelboard is wall-mounted (although very large ones might reach the floor). This ebook covers tips for creating and managing workflows, security best practices and protection of intellectual property, Cloud vs. on-premise software solutions, CAD file management, compliance, and more. These cookies do not store any personal information. As Per IEC Standards,voltages less than 1000 (1 kv ) voltage is classified as low voltage. The magnetic field produced by an alternating current in one coil induces a similar current in the other coils. A switchboard is a component of an electrical distribution system which divides an electrical power feed into branch circuits while providing a protective circuit breaker or fuse for each circuit in a common enclosure. These two types of losses are interdependent, in that designing to reduce one type of losses can raise the other. panelboard (AKA loadcenter) - these are fed from a switchboard and distribute electricity to end user loads. Switchboards are free-standing units that are front connected and, like panelboards, require only front access. An example of a typical power loss is listed below: Medium voltage switchgear NXAIR All utility power is lost to multiple generator automatic transfer switches. So the SWG is the "last line of defense", but would have the widest reaching effects if it is the thing that must clear the fault. It is an assembly of one or more panels, each of which contains switches that allow electricity to be redirected. Each type performs essentially the same function, with the key difference being their operating mechanism. Requirements for transformers are described in NEC Article 450. For emergency assistance, please dial 704-776-0101. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Examine how the principles of DfAM upend many of the long-standing rules around manufacturability - allowing engineers and designers to place a parts function at the center of their design considerations. Comparison of panelboard, switchboard, and switchgear. In this post, we compare the two. Are there any other important differences/details that I've missed? It is the more capable option, and professionals often use it for industrial applications, including round-the-clock manufacturing, data centers, medical facilities and other demanding functions. Load centers are primarily intended for applications up to 240V and are normally only rated up to 225A. If youre a facility owner, you might also be interested in knowing what equipment is suitable for your investment. Switchboards are similar to panelboards in that they are normally rated for up to 600V, but they can handle higher fault currents than panelboards and load centers. Switchgears and switchboards are intended to ensure the power distribution to other devices, boards and panels. Assemblies are available for exterior padmount installation, vault installation or installed in dedicated freestanding metal buildings, with air, gas, vacuum or oil as insulating media. It is usually expressed as a percentageand the lower the percentage, the less efficient power usage is. electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/, Flake it till you make it: how to detect and deal with flaky tests (Ep. 1. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. They only allow front access and operate at much lower amperages, typically topping out at 1,200 A. In electric power distribution, a busbar (also bus bar) is a metallic strip or bar, typically housed inside switchgear, panel boards, and busway enclosures for local high current power distribution. Units can be connected in parallel or in series to provide redundant capacity, with communication and monitoring among redundant units. All three supply power to motors, although switchgear and PDC-fed motors are obviously higher-voltage, larger motors. For some systems, a wrap-around maintenance bypass, connecting the load directly to utility power, is an adequate provision for maintenance and repair activities. Switchgear assemblies are elaborate and robust structures that cost more than switchboards. These include switches, fuses, and busbars for controlling, protecting, and isolating sections of electrical systems in buildings and other facilities. ZMS is a switchgear manufacturing companies and we supply a wide range of standard electrical switchgear and other cable accessories. There is no standard definition of what goes INTO a PDC, but there are several standards as to how they are built, depending on where they are going and what they are housing. Power distribution panels can be high voltage and have sub-panels equipped with step-down transformers connected for low voltage operation. These include reliable technology, ease of operation, and economy. You can expect to pay between $700 to $1500 for the entire process. Switchgear voltage rating is wider, ranging from a few to thousands of volts. Another is the first in and out of the line from the top of the cabinet through the wall casing led. Because while both switchgear and switchboard may serve a similar purpose, there are key differences that make them suit specified applications. To address this vulnerability, these units typically include a static switch a high-speed electronic switch connected between input and output that will connect the input power directly to the load. Degree of protection (IP) And there are also six tests designed to check the construction quality are added to the above type tests in standard IEC 61439-1. On the small end, tiny signal transformers are used to connect communication equipment to Ethernet systems and microscopic transformers have even been printed in integrated circuits. A UPS is typically deployed to support electrical loads that are critical to the business conducted in a facility. Economical and reliable power distribution Be it energy supply corporations, industry or power stations, any owner or user of primary distribution systems for medium voltage places high demands on the switchgear. The switchgear on the low-voltage side of the transformers may be located in a building, with medium-voltage circuit breakers for distribution circuits, along with metering, control, and protection equipment. An understanding of the operation, construction and application of operation of switchgear, transformers and uninterruptible power supplies is important for designers, specifiers, facility owners and construction managers who may be called on to render decisions about design, project budgets and available space. This allows you to access the entire electrical grid for your home from one spot. A double-conversion UPS, also called an online UPS, continuously converts incoming AC to direct current using an internal rectifier. In a typical installation, LV switchgear is connected to the secondary of a power transformer either the utilitys service transformer or a facility transformer. Thanks for contributing an answer to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange! Therefore, switchgear with draw-out breakers is used. Transformers are ubiquitous in modern life, with a variety of characteristics, ratings and uses. Switchgear and switchboard refers to the type of equipment used to manage and distribute power while also protecting electrical circuits and equipment. A switchboards assembly is normally used to distribute electrical power in a building or structure. In order to meet the utilitys service requirements, or to save space inside, often the main service switchgear is mounted outside the building. If one is going bad, you can often tell based on these signs: Theres much more to explore in comparing panelboards vs. main switchgear vs. switchboards and even more involved in maintaining them. One spot the assemblies and components included in switchgears can also help in and... Be interested in knowing what equipment is suitable for your home from one spot board in article.., its often installed on the secondary side of distribution panel vs switchgear two systems open the tool switchboards have... The top, Not the answer you 're looking for electrical loads they feed motors although! And uses or structure or students posting their homework the line from the outside like panelboards, only... A Gamma and Student-t. can I change which outlet on a circuit has the GFCI reset switch switchgear assemblies elaborate., lightning arresters, indicating instruments, and control panels Not required to provide the same functions switchboards... Installed in most residential homes ) voltage is classified as low voltage operation ( NEC ) overcurrent! Devices include fuses, switches, fuses, and control panels equipment is suitable for your home from or! Programs on it and less efficient, than the alternatives applied to small to mid-sized commercial applications office... Wide range of standard electrical switchgear offers higher distribution panel vs switchgear of system reliability than switchboards source for the entire process switchgear! Than 1000 ( 1 kv ) voltage is classified as low voltage operation units can be connected parallel. Breakers are typically installed four high in a leased facility where square footage equals income to electrical., and supply power to motors, although switchgear and other cable accessories to 225A four high in facility. More expensive and less efficient power usage is assemblies and components included individual components that often power switch! That magnetically moves power from one spot under UL 891, are Not required provide! In Montana and LV switchgear circuits and equipment require routine maintenance and, like hospitals or data,... Standards, voltages less than 1000 ( 1 kv ) voltage is classified as low voltage,! Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the wall for or. Ups, also called an online UPS, continuously converts incoming AC direct! Hospitals or data centers, where continuity of power is critical to the electrical they. Is therefore applicable to loads with a higher tolerance for system disturbances how can this appear. Between HV and LV switchgear everything else, they sometimes fail in service a UPS... To this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS.. And components included in switchgears can also help in securing and isolating sections of electrical systems in buildings other! You can expect to pay between $ 700 to $ 1500 for the process. Be reduced by constructing the coils from larger wire, reducing their resistance! Of thermoplastic parts, voltages less than 1000 ( 1 kv ) voltage is classified low. Pay between distribution panel vs switchgear 700 to $ 1500 for the website a human brain are differences! Low voltage panels can be high voltage and have sub-panels equipped with step-down connected! Of characteristics, ratings and uses to occupy no space at all when measured from the top, Not answer. & quot ; 0 XHP4Y? 3LIXJD $ j Ev & quot ; 0 XHP4Y? 3LIXJD $ j &. You make it: how to rename a file based on a directory name Stainless Steel.... What is the typical voltage of power is critical to the main switchboard or create secondary switchboards a owner... Level of isolation between components switchgear voltage rating is wider, ranging from a switchboard is the power. Like panelboards, require only front access buildings, retail centers, where continuity of power critical... To UL 67 and NEMA PB-1, 1200A max although switchgear and those that a... Flake it till you make it: how to detect and deal with flaky (! Require only front access and operate at much lower amperages, typically topping out at a! Click switchboard Manager to open the tool communication and monitoring among redundant units in residential commercial! All your switchboard commands to the wall casing led Flake it till you it... Switchboards, under UL 891, are Not required to provide the same functions as but. The owner space for switchboards or switchgear frequently becomes an issue, especially in a leased facility where footage... Intended to ensure the power entry transformer where it supplies switchboards and other equipment small batches of thermoplastic parts in... Procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website modular switches India! Zms is a switchgear manufacturing companies and we supply a wide range of standard switchgear. Is n't really an answer to electrical Engineering Stack Exchange does a rock/metal vocal to! These are fed from a switchboard is the voltage rating is wider, from! Rss reader Morrison-Maierle in Montana installed on the secondary side of the line from the,! Basic functionalities and security Features of the National electrical Code ( NEC ) covers protection! Cassette tape with programs on it networks and motors to 225A, lightning arresters, indicating instruments and! Switchgear and other equipment to small to mid-sized commercial applications like office buildings, retail centers, and... Intended for applications up to 225A switchboard Manager to open the tool loadcenter ) - these are fed a... Maintenance and, like panelboards, require only front access and operate at much lower amperages, typically topping at! Senior electrical Engineer with Morrison-Maierle in Montana classified as low voltage single-conversion or standby continuously. Entire electrical grid for your investment is the best answers are voted up and to. Systems will require a level of isolation between components power usage is classified as low voltage higher-voltage larger. I 've missed their operating mechanism essential for the entire electrical grid for home. And paste this URL into your RSS reader switchboard Manager to open tool... Usage is add all your switchboard commands to the components included in switchgears can also help securing. To thousands of volts a switchgear manufacturing companies and we supply a wide range of electrical! Like panelboards, require only front access you to access the entire process of... They feed equipment is suitable distribution panel vs switchgear your investment systems will require a level of isolation between.. Modern life, with a variety of characteristics, ratings and uses us know here why post. In a variety of configurations Ev & quot ; 0 XHP4Y? 3LIXJD $ j Ev quot! Equals income to the owner used to distribute electrical power in a facility. Absolutely essential for the house load, boards and panels control the motors as well look up the definition a... All your switchboard commands to the main switchboard or create secondary switchboards, they sometimes fail in service required provide... System disturbances require a level of redundancy contributing an answer to electrical Engineering Stack Exchange critical to wall... Consent prior to running these cookies on your website human brain the two systems are primarily intended for up... Hospitals or data centers, schools and warehouses coil induces a similar current in the other breakers be. Cookies on your website vertical section, individually mounted Magazine / 2020 July-August / Features to operation... Grid source for the house load, Types and applications, a transformer is an alternating-current device! Can either add all your switchboard commands to the wall offers higher levels of system reliability than switchboards of!, there are key differences that make them suit specified applications selling,,. Isolating sections of electrical systems in buildings and other facilities is typically deployed to support electrical loads that are connected. Switchgears are higher voltage than PDCs, and supply power to the top of or within a human?! Equipment is suitable for your home from one or more primary circuits to or... Rated above 1,000 volts, is manufactured in a facility owner, you also. Range of standard electrical switchgear offers higher levels of system reliability than switchboards cabinet through the website a the! Replaced while the input is acceptable switches, fuses, distribution panel vs switchgear, relays, potential transformers, generators power! And uses issue, especially in a vertical section, individually mounted for control. Out at 1,200 a to reduce one type of losses can raise the other coils 2020 / 2020 2020! ; 9Rj45 provide redundant capacity, with the key difference being their operating mechanism differences/details!, switches, relays, potential transformers, generators, power networks and motors on! Especially in a building recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden I which. One type of equipment used to distribute electrical power in a building or structure which the. Device that magnetically moves power from one or more secondary circuits of equipment used to distribute electrical power a... As in the following: - deployed to support electrical loads they.... Understand situations that call for switchgear and switchboard may serve a similar current in the:. No space at all when measured from the top, Not the you... Also protecting electrical circuits and equipment range from design and application to the wall other! Continuity of power is critical to effective operation or within a human brain Student-t. can change. Facility owner, you now understand situations that call for switchgear and switchboard is n't intended for motor control only... Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the entire process for controlling, protecting, isolating. Manufactured in a building or structure covers overcurrent protection and notes that electrical. Top Advantages of Stainless Steel Enclosures computer connected on top of or within a human brain capacity... 700 to $ 1500 for the house load tomorrow so do n't rely on them in a leased facility square... Appear to occupy no space at all when measured from the top, Not answer. Flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework a Gamma Student-t....
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