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He wore the same thing he did every time he was on television a green military jacket and flat round capand sat behind a row of microphones. He and Mahmoud had known each other for years, and even though Mahmoud was Sunni and Khalid was Shia, that had never mattered to them. Hundreds of Germans have come forward to provide food, drink, and other goods. Mama put her hands on Josefs and Ruthies heads. Be quiet! the shadow yelled, and it tossed Ruth down on the floor beside Josef. Thinking about Klaus made Josef think about other things, but he blinked away the bad memories. We will not stand in their way. What did he just say? Mami asked. Hikaru UtadaKINGDOM HEARTS - III, II.8, Unchained & Union (. Mama just shook her head, her eyes full of worry. Not until we reach Cuba. I dont want to go to Cuba, Ruth whined as the train got under way. Mahmoud's mother. Fatima continues to go from tent to tent, asking about, Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15 to 16 days from home, cries over all of the events of the past two weeks, he apologizes for giving, Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days from home, food, water, and other supplies. Ivn and Seora Castillo grabbed the arms of the two policemen and pulled them on board, and they all collapsed into the bottom of the boat. Hed been released from a concentration camp called Dachau, but only on condition that he leave the country within fourteen days. Refine any search. Two of the Nazis yanked Josefs father to his feet and dragged him toward the door. An alarm rang. Ivn thought he was being sneaky, but Isabel knew exactly what he and his father were building in their shed, and it wasnt a doghouse. He glanced over his shoulder to make sure no one was listening. Lito was her mothers father, and he and Papi had never gotten along. The woman lurched out of the bathroom, looking even more green and desperate, and wobbled away. No ambulances came to help the wounded. Mahmoud caught himself smiling. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. She ran home again. In the seat beside him, Waleed sat up straight next to his open window, unmoving and unfazed. No, we dont, Seor Castillo said. Josef didnt want to leave. Tomorrow,' he'd told Mahmoud's father." Alan Gratz author Refugee book Youssef Bishara character despair refugees smugglers concepts 07 You can let us off at highway 214. Dad turned the car around and drove. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. After Aleppothe near-constant gunfire and explosions, punctuated by the oppressive quiet of an entire city trying their hardest not to draw attention to themselvesthis place felt alive, even if it was dusty and cramped. Smoke rose from behind an apartment building. Staring back up at them was the huge face of Fidel Castro! He didnt look happy about it, though. As it passed, Mahmoud saw a young couple sitting in the back. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: In the gallery above, Josef saw one of the crew slam a fist down on the railing and storm off. Bicycles swung around and pedaled back. As her mother liked to say, Isabel could play the storm clouds from the sky. Ill see if I can find us a bus. Mahmoud and his mother and sister and brother walked the shopping street. No, Papi and Lito said at the same time. He wore sandals, shorts, a short-sleeved, button-down shirt, and a cap with a fancy letter I on itthe logo My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Isabel Fernandez is 11 years old in 1994, growing up in Havana, Cuba, under Fidel Castros communist regime. Teachers and parents! His brother. Ahead of them stretched a small city of white canvas tents, their pointed tops staggered like whitecaps on a choppy sea. Mahmoud knew they needed their phones to help them get to Turkey. [4] It is later learned that Josef's father is alive and well in Cuba. But the food shortages had driven more and more Cubans to el norte. Within a month, Assad had turned his tanks and soldiers and bombers on the protestorson his own peopleand ever since then, all Mahmoud and Waleed and anyone else in Syria had known was war. Without their parents on the ship, they had skipped synagogue to play. I thought Id never see you again! It was. Well all go, while Castro is letting people out, she went on. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Khalid. It fluttered to the floor, the Star of David landing face up for all the world to see. Josef looked deep into Officer Padrons eyes, searching for some sign of help, some hint of sympathy. She was terrified since her worst worries had come true, and then a dazzling light blinded her. There was a main street in the camp, a wide lane where refugees had set up little shops, selling phone cards and camp stoves and clothes and things people had brought with them but no longer wanted or needed. Isabels eyes fell on Luis and his girlfriend, and she understood. Please! Mahmoud cried. Mahmoud screamed and dropped to the floor as broken glass sprayed him. Where did Mahmoud and his family live for 4 weeks? No more getting thrown in jail for disagreeing with the government. But what do you want to do when you get there? Seor Castillo asked. They get people into the EU. The EU, Mahmoud knew, was the European Union. Chabela, get down from there! Isabel ignored them both and turned this way and that, calling out for her father. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. The kittens nose sniffed eagerly at the air, and it meowed. An Industriales baseball game played on the television in the corner, and Isabels grandfather turned down the volume. And just in time. Mahmoud looked up at where his apartment had been. This is Syria, not Iran! Assad made people who didnt like him disappear. Mahmoud: Just Outside Aleppo, Syria 2015, 1 day from home. Ahmed and Nedhal werent his friends. She got a hand to the side of the boat and looked back. He kicked and flailed in a panic, but one of the shadows caught his ankle and dragged him face-first across his bed. The man behind the steering wheel honked his horn and took the cigar out of his mouth to yell at her. She wont take up any room!. Together they hurried to the ramp as best they could, carrying all the suitcases. Aleppo had been an amazing city to grow up in. Not that Waleed smiled much anymore. But we have to go so all of us will be safe. Josef couldnt speak. And we dont need a fugitive on board. Ivn looked at him funny, but only Isabel saw it. Do you understand? I Yes, Josef stammered. Were refugees! Mahmoud yelled, unable to stay silent any longer. After walking for days, the family finally crosses the border into Turkey, in step with hundreds of other fleeing refugees (3.5 million and counting refugees now live in Turkey). Forever. He shook his head as he paced their little room in his oversized nightclothes. Tomorrow. Then by boat? View all posts by thescholarlyteacher. Struggling with distance learning? No. The Free Syria Army and al-Qaeda are fighting there now. The door next to Mahmoud opened, and one of the soldiers nudged him up from the floor and into the back with Waleed. He hadnt forgotten that if he were wearing his armband, this He couldnt imagine traveling that far. These boys had just wanted to beat someone up. Maybe we shouldnt talk about drowning, Papi said, clutching to the side of the boat as they chopped into a wave. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. Mahmoud's Story | Sutori I need your help in the shed. Ivn climbed to his feet. Captains got the engines maxed out. Has to, the other said. DOCX University of Exeter She lifted the trumpet to her lips. You made it! Mahmoud remembered neon malls, glittering skyscrapers, soccer stadiums, movie theaters, museums. Seor Castillo was in charge of the boat. Isabel dodged through the crowds, trying to stay away from where the police had formed a line. Your name must be Summer, because youre making me sweat! The girl smiled, but Isabels mother slapped Lito on the leg. Mahmoud Bishara is a 12 year old boy who lived in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. The Gestapo man looked up at them through the window in his door. He stood on Josefs armband, his eyes wide with surprise. what were two observations the boys made about lesbos from the boat? Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. He felt the stirrings of indignation, of anger, of sympathy. Mahmoud Bishara-Refugee Mahmoud Bishara, Age 12, Aleppo, Syria Lauryn V, Copyright 2022 April 21, 2022 In the book Refugee by, Alan Gratz their were three characters, Mahmoud, Isabell , and Josef. The rioters and police traded rocks and bullets, and a man with a bloody head staggered past Isabel. Mahmoud watched as these two boys attacked the boy with the bread, a boy he didnt even know. Mahmoud grabbed the railing to steady himself and waited a long, breathless moment to see if the stairs were going to collapse. Empathy and Social Responsibility. Officer Padron just looked away. Finally, Shabbos arrived. Get out of the car! he cried. Among the people who join Isabel on the journey is her grandfather Lito, who is eventually revealed to be Mariano Padron, the Cuban officer who, decades ago, prevented Josef from entering Havana. Mahmoud couldnt believe it. Im hot, Ruthie said, pulling at her coat. Fidel Castro had said that anyone who wanted to leave was welcome to go, but that was hours ago. Quickly. Mahmouds mother pulled the end of the scarf up over her face so that only her eyes were showing. The boat was heavy in Isabels arms, and she was afraid of dropping it, even though there were five other people carrying it with her. What do Mahmouds family keep hearing from the boat smugglers? By tomorrow night, maybe. Germany? Mahmouds mother said. They kept arguing, but the engine and the slap of the boat against the waves drowned their words out for Isabel. Josef sacrifices himself in order to relieve his mother from the burden of this choice and to save his little sister Ruthie from the concentration camps. Waleed went back to watching cartoons. He raised his hands to his ears and said, Allahu Akbar. God is the greatest. I cant fall out of the boat, because I have already fallen for this princess of the sea! he said. Isabel clung to the wooden bench she sat on, squeezed in between Ivn and her grandfather. It was a marriage procession, Mahmoud realized. He says the family has stayed for too long and it is time to escape to Germany. to explore the ship. She panicked, her worst fears come true, and suddenly a blinding light lit her up. But arguably Josefs most difficult decision is the one he must make at the novels conclusion: when the Nazis offer Rachel the option of releasing just one of her children, Josef sacrifices himself to relieve Rachel of this burden and to keep Ruthie out of the extermination camps. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. They couldnt afford their old place, not since the Nazis told Josefs father he wasnt allowed to practice law anymore because he was Jewish. Mahmoud Bishara is a 12-year-old boy from Aleppo, Syria who lives in 2015 in the book Refugee. She dropped to her knees and pulled them both into a hug. Another shadow picked up Ruth by the hair and slapped her. Past the noise of the cars and trucks on the Malecn, past the people talking as they walked by, past the crash of the waves against the seawall behind her. He has a mother, a father, a younger brother, and a baby sister. How else am I going to play Angry Birds? He was joking again. Isabel caught up with her father and grandfather, then parted ways with them on the Malecn, the broad road that curved along the seawall on Havana Harbor. They had gotten up early and it had been a stressful day, and soon Ruthie was asleep in Mamas lap, and Mama dozed with her. They didnt call it that then. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Page 17 - New Politics Mahmouds head was hot and wet. Each one of these characters were refugees, each with a differant and unique story. Both sides oppose ISIL, the combination of ISIS and al-Quaeda, and the Kurds, supported predominantly by the USA, are fighting ISIL as well but support neither Al-Assad or the rebels.) But, Mahmouds father has stopped joking, numb and broken from the beating he had recieved after standing up to a soldier. Josef and his family hoped to one day make it to America, but you couldnt just sail into New York Harbor. What would the United States be like? Mahmoud himself deals with the contrast between being visible but liable to get hurt and invisible but unable to receive assistance. Mahmoud and Waleed turned down a different rubble-strewn alley than the day before and stopped dead. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Or Javier? Shes a baby. When another dinghy passes by that doesnt have space for his family, he offers up Hana to them in order to ensure that she can survive. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The bed broke into pieces. Each floor had a living room and a kitchen just like theirs, all decorated differently. Toward them. Aleppo had history tooa long history. When he was finished washing up, Mahmoud went to the corner of the living room that faced Mecca. To get you to Miami? He screamed even louder than his little sister, drowning her out. But now? It wasnt just his building that had been hit, he realized. Wheres your mama? Ruthie asked. They fail, but they are not sent back to Germany. Tonight. Josef took a hard candy from a jar and fished in his pocket for another pfennig. You can just lie low for a while. But you have fish to eat. We need help!, Dont you see? Lito said. Hed be calling for the police. Most of the farms in Cuba grew only sugarcane. Something in the darkness outside his room moved with a grunt and a scuffle. excluding an estimated 2.5 million nomads; 24,532,000 (2006E, including nomads). PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. A rickety-looking raft made out of wooden shipping pallets and inner tubes raised a bedsheet sail, and as it caught the wind, the villagers on the beach cheered. Incidents like this were common in Aleppo lately. My brother, just a boy, becoming a man at last. Time to pray, Waleed. Sometimes it was the back alleys; there could be fighters in the streets, who were always targets for the opposition. Before he could protest, the girls dragged him to a womens restroom. Theres something theyre not telling us, the shipping company. None of them were. Mahmoud is 13 years old and lives with his father Youssef, mother Fatima, 10-year-old brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana in Aleppo, Syria. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. Why not? Isabel said. Mahmouds stomach twisted into knots just thinking about it. It has received positive reviews that praised its style and historical accuracy. Cuban music that everybody seemed to hear except her. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. Do you know what the greatest achievements of the Cuban Revolution are? Isabels father He uses this skill daily, finding a new route home from school each day to keep himself and his little brother Waleed safe. In the second it took for the sound to grow from a breeze to a tornado, Mahmoud dropped his pencil, put his hands to his ears, and threw himself under the kitchen table. Im just trying to get my family to safety, Dad told the men. Random death from a fighter jets missile or a soldiers rocket launcher might come at any moment, when you least expected it. Source (s) Refugee (Alan Gratz) Mahmouds ears rang with a high-pitched whine, like the TV when the satellite was searching for a signal. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. The captain himself has arranged it, Mama said. Six months and eleven days! the Brownshirt said. Josef stood and stared. Isabel was worried the Castillos were going to get caught. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Waleed! The soldiers might be with the Syrian army, or with the Syrian rebels. Underneath this painting were the words, FIGHT AGAINST THE IMPOSSIBLE AND WIN. He had to get up. Which is usually that dog Assad. Mahmoud breathed again with relief. Car horns beeped. And the Kurds hold all this territory here. Complete your free account to request a guide. He was dusty and smelled like he hadnt had a bath in months, and the heat of the road radiated off him and his rifle like a stove. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. Renata Aber is Renata Abers younger sister. It was the day Josef would leave his childhood behind and become a man, and he could hardly contain his excitement. There had been rationing and food coupon books back when Isabel was little. His novel weaves together the stories of three children: A Jewish boy whose family tried to escape Nazi Germany on a ship called the St. Louis in the 1940's; a Cuban girl who flees Havana on a raft. 2011 (14) IWB are their Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims? Hana Bishara. He saw two stewards who had stopped to look over the side at the sea and came up behind them. A social worker approaches Mahmouds family and asks if they are seeking asylum in Germany (Germany accepted 124,845 Syrian refugees in 2017 and the EU as a whole accepted 538,000 total refugees). They were right. No one wore their Jewish armbands on the ship, and there were no Js above any of the passenger compartments, because all the passengers were Jews. They left the villages gravel road and hauled the boat over the dunes to the sea. They get to Cuba first and unload their passengers, and who knows? Maybe one day visit the real St. Louis. LitCharts Teacher Editions. tatatat!and bullets pinged into the car. 1st trip on a cruise like boat. The police were shooting at them! We cannot continue guarding the borders of the United States while they send their CIA to instigate riots in Havana. Google Maps told them it would be an eight-hour walk, and they split the journey up by sleeping in a field. He is constantly making jokes read analysis of Youssef Bishara Hana Bishara Mahmoud 's infant sister. Youre old enough to be her grandfather. Lito just took that as a challenge. Overjoyed, Mahmouds father agrees and the man makes arrangements for them. There were people on the beach! Head down, hoodie up, eyes on the ground. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. No, you idiot, Google Maps is better, said his friend. Above him, what was left of the ceiling light threw sparks. I know, dear. More than half their village was on the sand, clapping, waving, and cheering on the boats. Wheres Papi? she asked him. Mahmoud Bishara is leaving Syria during the volatile regime of Bashar al-Assad in 2015. . The floor beneath their feet groaned and shifted. It was big and heavy to begin with, and they had packed it with the gas cans, plastic soda bottles filled with fresh water, condensed milk, cheese and bread, and medicine. They fell on him, hitting and kicking him for being a Jew, and calling him all kinds of names. Were going to latch all the stalls from the inside and crawl out under the doors so no one can use the toilets! No, dont Josef tried to tell them, but they were already gone. No, we Isabel! T he main characters in Refugee are Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara. She was only six years old. notice him, maybe pull him and his family out of line. One of the men stopped at the drivers-side window and pointed his rifle at Mahmouds father. Youssef, no! Mom cried. German families talked and laughed and argued in their compartments, just like Jews. Waleed Bishara. What happens to Josef at the end of the book? Not here. Everywhere around them, people fled into the streets, covered in gray dust and blood. Papa! Towering shadows burst into the room. Papi! But she was too short and there were too many people. Two girls around Ruthies age wearing matching flowery dresses were leaning over the railing and giggling. As another life boat passes by, Mahmoud and his mother grab ahold. With the trumpet in one arm and the kitten in the other, she ran the few blocks to the beach, where she banged on the door of a fisherman her grandfather knew. She hadnt gone nearly catatonic like Waleed, but at some point it had gotten bad enough that she just stopped talking about it. It doesnt matter, he said. If he was caught again by the police, hed be sent back to prisonand this time they might not let him out. She had gone back for whatever she could take from the apartment. Being able to travel anywhere we want, anytime we want! said Amara. Complete your free account to request a guide. Theyre coming for me! Papi cried. The car skids to a stop, and Youssef, Fatima (with, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (1), Mahmoud tells the man that the family has nowhere to go, and that his sister, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (1), He then hears Fatima scream out, and watches as she struggles to lift a crying, for help, but the dinghy isnt slowing down.