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Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Eckerman, C. (2011). Which common nonsilicate mineral is used in wallboard. Eratosthenes died in Alexandria, approximately in 194 BC, when he was 82 years old. ISBN: 978-0-691-14267-8. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how telepresence technology was used by oceanographers in the field to assess and analyze three shipwrecks and numerous artifacts discovered during exploratory expeditions of the submerged plateau known as Eratosthenes Seamount (Fig. Oceanography - National Geographic Society document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2012-2023 On Secret Hunt - All Rights Reserved Plutarch's similar discussion claiming that Alexander ignored. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. Eratosthenes who made observations at Syene (Aswan) and Alexandria calculated the circumference of the earth as 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). As head of the library Eratosthenes tutored the children of Ptolemy, including Ptolemy IV Philopator who became the fourth Ptolemaic pharaoh. He remained the librarian for about 40 years till his death. Geography consisted of eight volumes. Archimedes is regarded as one of the most notable Greek mathematicians. Eratosthenes is most famous for making the first good measurement of the size of Earth. The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275-194 BC). The [] Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Known For: Eratosthenes was a Greek polymath who became known as the father of geography. More than 400 places appeared in that work, but it was lost, except for the references of historians of the time. In this work, which for the first time described the geography of the entire inhabited world as it was then known, Eratosthenes of Kyrene (ca. By this they meant to say that Eratosthenes was second best in all areas, as he never wanted to specialize in any. He created one of the earliest maps of the known world between 276-195 BC, but his greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. The Fourteenth Edition incorporates The Arabs were the great contributors in the field of mathematical, physical and regional geography. Eratosthenes is most famous for making the first accurate measurement of the circumference of the Earth. This is where, according to Pliny, "The world was grasped." For other uses, see. Term. Your email address will not be published. He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. Eratosthenes had a significant impact on geography. Eratosthenes. in, Chondros, Thomas G. Archimedes Life Works and Machines. Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity. Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes was a famous mathematician who developed latitude and longitude as a way to measure the Earth. Eratosthenes - GIS Wiki | The GIS Encyclopedia He created an algorithm to find prime numbers that is known as the Sieve of Eratosthenes. Pacific Ocean- Largest, deepest, lots of islands and seamounts. Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology;[5] he used Egyptian and Persian records to estimate the dates of the main events of the mythical Trojan War, dating the sack of Troy to 1183 BC. Contribution of Arabs in the Field of Geography - Your Article Library PDF List Of World Capitals By Countries Wordpress Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Eratosthenes was also interested in history and created a chronology of the world from the siege of Troy to his time, taking as references the dates that appeared in literature and in political writings. Around 255 BCE, he invented the armillary sphere. is credited for two important contributions to oceanography: 1. It does so by iteratively marking as composite, i.e., not prime, the multiples of each prime, starting with the multiples of 2. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE192 or 194 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician, poet, and astronomer who is known as the father of geography. Due to the increased risk of food poisoning, eating this popular, Petra was ecstatic over Jane and Rafaels happy ending during the series finale, fearing that she would never find love again. Eratosthenes - World History Encyclopedia 2. His teachers included the scholar Lysanias of Cyrene and the philosopher Ariston of Chios who had studied under Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy. Eratosthenes' "Geography". Oceanography 100 Karen Baker Quiz #2. Who is responsible for the first measurement of the circumference of the Earth? Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist who lived from 276 to 194 B.C. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. [8], The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. The city of Cyrene had spent an independent period from Egypt until the marriage between Ptolemy III and Berenice, the daughter of Magas, governor of that city. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved Greeks-create Maps of Med. He used parallels and meridians to link together every place in the world. Eratosthenes proposed a simple algorithm for finding prime numbers. Was the father of geography? Explained by Sharing Culture The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is dubbed the father of geography. He was the first to use the word geography, and he also had a small-scale understanding of the planet that helped him determine the earths circumference. Contribution of Greeks in the Field of Geography - Your Article Library Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Eratosthenes of Cyrene, an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer, was the first to use the word Geography (Greek: Geographika). In his work Geographika, Eratosthenes described and made maps of the known territories. He was appointed as the Librarian of the Library of Alexandria-the post of highest academic honour of that period. [6] Eratosthenes was a man of many perspectives and investigated the art of poetry under Callimachus. Polynesian Seafarers - Dive & Discover Menu. Why is Eratosthenes called the father of geography? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The largest geographic feature on the surface of Planet Earth is _____., The important contribution to navigation made by Eratosthenes in the third century BC was _____., The explorer who advanced oceanography by introducing systematic soundings, or depth measurements, was _____. Eratosthenes: biography and contributions to geography and mathematics History of Oceanography, Number 16 - University of Puget Sound At this time Eratosthenes took advantage of his position and the access to the information he had to learn about the most diverse subjects. This Month in Physics History - American Physical Society He published a book that he called GeographikaIt was there that he first coined the term geography. The children were trained from the age of seven in subjects such as literature, sports and music. Arsinoe (a biography of Queen Arsinoe, wife and sister of Ptolemy IV). Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist who lived from 276 to 194 B.C. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt, commissioned Eratosthenes to run the Library of Alexandria, which became the most important center of knowledge in the region. There he was taught Stoicism by its founder, Zeno of Citium, in philosophical lectures on living a virtuous life. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. Learn everything about the Oceanography from scratch and become a master of this topic with quiz based flashcards. The multiples of a given prime are generated starting from that prime, as a sequence of numbers with the same difference, equal to that prime, between consecutive numbers. Eratosthenes went to Alexandria and found out that the light hit the earth at an angle of 7.2 degrees. Ocean Exploration & Ancient Greece | Study.com The actual circumference of the Earth is 24,874 miles (40,032 kilometers). Eratosthenes (276-195 BCE) was an ancient Greek Alexandrian scholar, native of Cyrene, who attained distinction in many fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and history. Ptolemys most significant geographical innovation was the record of longitudes and latitudes in degrees on his world map for roughly 8,000 locations, allowing him to create an exact duplicate of his map. His writings included a poem inspired by astronomy, as well as works on the theatre and on ethics. He did this by observing the Moon during a lunar eclipse and by estimating the angle and the size of the Earth. However, it was in geography where he proved to be more skillful for he was one of the greatest of all ancient geographers. Some people believe that Eratosthenes starved himself to death on purpose after going blind. The numbers from one to 400 are written in a table, with the numbers one to 20 across the top row. Fragments Collected and Translated, with Commentary and Additional Material. Earlier estimates of the circumference of Earth had been made (for example, Aristotle says that some mathematicians had obtained a value of 400,000 stadia), but no details of their methods have survived. He calculated the Earths circumference. He is regarded as the first scientific geographer who measured the length of the equator almost accurately (24860 miles) on sound principles with the help of gnomon. [1] However, his Geography has been lost to history, although fragments of the work can be pieced together from other great historians like Pliny, Polybius, Strabo, and Marcianus. However, a simplified version of the method has been preserved, as described by Cleomedes.[15]. Modern Geographys founder, Alexander von Humboldt. What were the contributions of Eratosthenes, Hipparcus, and Ptolemy to oceanography? He found the circumference of the Earth to be nearly 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). In number theory, he introduced the sieve of Eratosthenes, an efficient method of identifying prime numbers. [25], This article is about the Greek scholar of the third century BC. [17] In his three-volume work Geography (Greek: Geographika), he described and mapped his entire known world, even dividing the Earth into five climate zones:[18] two freezing zones around the poles, two temperate zones, and a zone encompassing the equator and the tropics. Eratosthenes (D.W.) Roller (ed., Trans.) Eratosthenes introduced latitude and longitude. It allows scientists to pinpoint specific locations using a system of degrees. The word geography may have been coined by Eratosthenes. Definition. Who can fully deduct traditional IRA contributions? He accurately depicted the Niles route to Khartoum, as well as the two Ethiopian tributaries. All Categories. The Greeks not only extended the horizon of geography from the Aegean Sea to Spain and Gaul, the Russian steppes in Central Asia, the Indus river in the east and Ethiopia in the south, but also put the subject on a sound footing by making remarkable contributions in the field of mathematical, physical, historical and regional geography.