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It gives the reader an unflinching look at the humanity, courage, and struggle of refugees seeking safety and freedom. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Berlin. The two families face many challenges as they try to cross the Caribbean Sea to Florida. Water becomes the agent of change in each of these cases, emphasizing the centrality of adapting to survival. The chapter ends as Josef searches for his father and realizes his father has jumped overboard. Josef is 12 years old at the beginning of the book, living in Nazi Germany in 1938, where Jewish people like Josef are treated as "subhuman" and second-class citizens. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. After a riot in Havana, Isabels family decides that they should also leave Cuba immediately. Mahmoud hands his sister, Hana, to another passing raft of refugees, knowing that his mother cannot hold her and swim. Writing of the Syrian crisis, he notes. Teachers and parents! Purchasing They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. (read more from the Pages 164 - 215 Summary) More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Refugee (Alan Gratz). Teachers may opt to lower the security if they want to allow sharing. Meanwhile, there is a rumor spreading that the ships passengers are likely to be turned back from Cuba, a thought too terrible for Josef to accept. How does each of the characters experience the feeling of fear inRefugeeby Alan Gratz? Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: Equally real are the events of 1994 depicted in the novel. This is an easy summary of the book Refugee by Alan Gratz. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. Though Josef is devastated, he wonders if this is what becoming a man means - not relying on your father. Within the portal, all users can view and copy all storyboards. They run into several problems, like being in bloody water with many sharks around on a sinking boat and there are high stakes at the end. Even Mahmouds precarious raft is a promise of tomorrow. For the last few years, there has been a war in his country between the Syrian government, rebels, the Soviets, the United States and several other factions. Already a member? It only gets worse for them, but in the end, he learns a powerful life lesson: Its better to be visible than invisible, because even though the bad people can harm you, the good people can help you. In Refugee, what is the climax of Mahmoud's story. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. They take a train to board the St. Louis, where it feels like paradise compared to the treatment they received the last couple of years. Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Powerful and compelling. However, because the number of people fleeing Cuba was enormous, the US government was extremely ambiguous about granting them asylum, placing the refugees in a very precarious position. He is of average height with brown hair and brown eyes. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. You'll also receive an email with the link. Isabel's story is like that of thousands of other Cuban immigrants who all fled Castro's Cuba. His 2017 novel Refugee has spent more than two years on the New York Times bestseller list, and is the winner of 14 state awards. Scholastic|July 25,2017|Ages 8and Up. What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. This is thebeets in a brownieof kid lit. How does the. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. It only gets worse for them, but in the end, he learns a powerful life lesson: Its better to be visible than invisible, because even though the bad people can harm you, the good people can help you. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! All storyboards are public and can be viewed and copied by anyone. On Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, seven Nazi Brownshirts (storm troopers) raid his home. Mahmoud Bishara is a twelve-year-old boy who lives in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. After the Soviet Union collapsed, so too did its aid to Cuba, forcing thousands of families like Isabels into utter poverty. Refugee is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Meeting Aaron at Hamburg, Josef is shocked to see his once-confident father visibly anxious and harrowed. Like Josef, Isabel too has to grow up overnight in the face of uncertainty and assume the mantle of the adult of the family. The Landaus disembark in France, which gives them some months of respite. Yet this episode also shows how Ruthie has been able to retain some of her innocence and childhood as she plays, which only showcases Josefs comparative maturity when he refuses. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. The family face incredible hardship and tragedy throughout their long journey through Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, and Hungary on their way to Germany. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. He also draws a clear line between this view of the children, and their justification of the violence that they deem acceptable against Jewish people. At another level, however, water represents change, which many of the main characters have to undergo either to survive or to redeem themselves. Further, children are made heroes in Refugee precisely because children should not, ideally, have to be heroes. eNotes Editorial. Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. Not only does Isabel rescue her father from arrest, she also sells her beloved trumpet to enable the family to buy gasoline to power the boat her neighbors, the Castillos, have been secretly building. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Refugee Chapters 22-32 Summary & Analysis. All will face unimaginable dangersfrom drownings to bombings to betrayals. However, unspeakable tragedy occurs when Ivn dies in a sudden shark attack. This dude does his history homework and then hides it in a total page-turner. The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. The refugees are welcomed in Austria, and Mahmouds family takes a train to Germany. Summary This section starts with Josef's perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, "8 days from home" (74). Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! March 4, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 The second date is today's The Castillos have been secretly building a makeshift boat and the next day, they set out together for Miami. The family is eventually pulled from the water by the Greek Coast Guard. Her father is caught participating in the "Maleconazo" riot, during which citizens protested the government's civil rights abuses as well as the economic crisis that had plunged the nation into poverty. Each story weaves actual events into the narrative to create a realistic picture of the struggle and tragedies that families in each of these situations have faced. Things dont go as planned when a fight breaks out and the family has to leave their car and belongings behind. Braving extremely choppy and shark-infested waters, the two families make the ninety-mile run to Florida. His mother, father, little brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana barely manage to escape the bombing of their apartment building. This heart-stopping novel is not only compelling it is necessary. It tells the story of three refugee children and their families in different times and places. What details do you notice that show that this story is not taking place in the United States? Josef, his father, mother, and little sister Ruthie are all asleep when their home is invaded during Kristallnacht, the night when Nazi police and "Brownshirts" were directed to destroy Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues, and terrorize Jewish citizens all across Germany. When the family finally gets to their promised boat, they find that it is merely a rubber raft. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. This summary should be accessible to high beginning or low intermediate ENL students. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." In the end, these three stories are connected. The way the content is organized, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. But Captain Schroeder recognizes the necessity of keeping those hopes alive, and so continues to conceal that there may be trouble when they reach Cuba. Thus, the sea comes to represent death, chaos, and uncertainty at one level. On Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, members of the Brownshirts, the police force of Nazi Germany, invade Josefs house and take away his father, Aaron Landau. Refugee: Josef: Havana Harbor - 1939, 19 days (2) Summary & Analysis Next. (including. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. REFUGEE braids three different stories of young refugees. Mahmouds father tells them that Germany is accepting Syrian refugees and if they can get to Greece, they will be able to travel within the European Union to reach Germany. They take a train to board the St. Louis, where it feels like paradise compared to the treatment they received the last couple of years. It is shabbos and time for Josefs Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. Its other accolades include the Sydney Taylor Book Award, the National Jewish Book Award, the Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award, a Charlotte Huck Award Honor, and a Malka Penn Award for . The smugglers raft is destroyed by rocks as they cross the Mediterranean. Mahmoud and his family travel through Serbia and into Hungary, where they are detained at a refugee camp that is built like a prison. The last date is today's These arent completely true stories, but these things do happen to real people, even today. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Fatima holds little Hana over her head, while Mahmoud keeps Fatima afloat. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance Six months later, Aaron tells his family in a letter that he has been released from the concentration camp Dachau by the Nazis on the condition that the family leave Germany immediately. The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child. Already a member? Mahmoud Bisharas story is the most recent: he and his family live in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015 and escape to Germany. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. You can view our. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Josef did, and he sacrificed himself for Ruth. With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Gratzs Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. The scale of the devastation in Syria is immense: Given its historical roots, why did Gratz write the novel as a work of fiction? They have come to arrest Josef's father: "Other Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were destroyed all over Germany, and tens of . You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. eNotes.com, Inc. Josef Landau, from the book Refugee, is a 13 year old boy born into the life of World War 2. Though Refugee is a novel, all three of its main storylines are based on actual historical events. Complete your free account to request a guide. The refugees aboard the St. Louis are delivered to England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. But for each of them, thereis always the hope of tomorrow. Even though Aaron still lives, his suicide attempt shows not only his own inner despair but the trauma that this event causes for Josef. The way the content is organized, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Thank you! Mahmoud should not have to decide to give away his little sister to save her life, Josef should not have to slap his father to subdue him, and Isabel should not have to scramble to arrange gasoline for a boat to take her family away to possible safety. In exchange for Rachels diamonds, the soldiers offer her an impossible bargain: she can save just one of her children from being arrested. In the end, these three stories are connected. The boat the Castillos have cobbled together becomes the center of Isabels existence. The St. Louis was an actual ship that sailed from Hamburg to Cuba in May, 1939 under the command of Captain Gustav Schrder. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Even amongst people who have lost everything, they still have empathy toward this man who showed the same courtesy to a fellow Jewish person. (including. With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. Josef; his mother, Rachel; and his sister, Ruth, leave for Hamburg, where they are to meet Aaron and sail to Cuba, which is said to be offering asylum to those fleeing Nazi Germany. Christina Diaz Gonzalez, author of The Red Umbrella and A Thunderous Whisper. School Library Journal Audiobooks - STARRED REVIEW. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Isabel trades her trumpet to a fisherman for gasoline, paying her familys way onto Ivns familys boat. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: Just as when Isabel gave some of her paltry food to the cat, Gratz shows here how even the most destitute people can still give somethingthus, those with more than that should be able to provide any aid they can, too. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Isabel's story is set in Cuba in 1994 during a time of great economic crisis and upheaval. Josef and his sister Ruthie are just children, and yet they are needlessly abused by the soldiers. Though the three stories are historically discrete at first glance, they are linked by the fates of Ruth, Lito, and the Bisharas. Josef's father, along with thousands of other Jewish men, was arrested and sent to Dachau, a concentration camp. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. He watches his friends' father, whom had already sought asylum in Cuba, come to pick up his daughters on the boat. On the ship, Ruth, born in Nazi Germany, has the freedom to play openly for the first time in her life. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. 4 Mar. When students storyboard, they are actively engaged in the learning process and can make connections between the text and their own lives. Source (s) Refugee About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . They board the ship St. Louis, based on the actual ship that brought Jewish refugees to Cuba and then to the United States but was denied entry by both.That ship had to return the refugees to Europe, where they were split among four countries, and when those countries . Lito atones for the past by treading water and returning to Cuba. (one code per order). Finally, storyboards are a great way to assess student understanding because they provide a visual representation of student learning. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. It is shabbos and time for Josef's Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Gratz illustrates more dehumanization from the Nazis, exemplified in Schiendicks equation of the children with rats. Josef, his sister Ruth, and his mother all travel to Hamburg to board a ship that will take them to Cuba. The second is the date of What are some ways that the characters were helped by the kindness and compassion of others? 2023 . The second date is today's The novel begins with the story line of twelve-year-old Josef, a Jewish boy in Germany. Ed. Mahmouds father arranges for a smuggler to take them to the island of Lesbos, in Greece. The second is the date of Contact us As Landau's hysteria increases, Josef slaps his father's face. Before long, the raft capsizes, and the family stays alive by floating in the frigid water, their counterfeit life jackets refusing to work. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. In addition, any storyboard can be made sharable, where a private link to the storyboard can be shared externally. When Officer Padron returns to the St. Louis, he is treated like a hero by the Jewish passengers. And although Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud are separated by continents and decades, surprisingconnections will tie their stories together in the end. The summary is broken up into approximately 50-page blocks. Unlisted storyboards can be shared via a link, but otherwise will remain hidden. On their way to Switzerland, the Landaus unfortunately run into German soldiers. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. They skipped the chapters on the other two characters, and the students that read Josef's story had to read the last chapter of Mahmoud's . Summary & Analysis Josef: Berlin, Germany - 1938; Isabel: Outside Havana, Cuba - 1994 (1) Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria - 2015 (1) . Isabels story starts with a riot. What are some of the themes, symbols and motifs present in the novel? Struggling with distance learning? Faced with her father being sent to prison, Isabel and her family (her pregnant Mami, Papi, and grandfather Lito) decide to band together with Isabel's best friend Ivan and his family, the Castillos. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. Synopsis: Refugee is a historical fiction novel that features 3 stories in one ; Josef, a Jewish boy escaping Nazi Germany in the 1930s, Isabel, a Cuban girl escaping Castro's regime in 1994, and Mahmoud, a Syrian boy fleeing from the conflict in Syria in 2015. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. That day in 1940 in France, her mother could not make the impossible choice before her. All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. After Mahmouds home is destroyed, his brother Waleed, sister Hana, and his parents drive to the border of Turkey, hoping to escape. $24.99 Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. In their memory, she decided to make Berlin her home. As Gratz observes in his author's note to the novel, the MS St. Louis was a real ship carrying . Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! All three families make their asylum-seeking journeys on boats through perilous waters. When the family is eventually caught, Josefs mother is forced to choose which of her children will be freed and which will be sent to a concentration camp. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. . T he main characters in Refugee are Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara.. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish boy living in Berlin, Germany, in 1938. In 1938, his home is raided by Nazi storm troopers, and his father is taken to the Dachau concentration camp. Out of the 937 aboard, roughly 254 ultimately perished in Nazi concentration camps. Josef's father is convinced there is a trap, so Josef and his mother go without him. Lito is rescued and deported to Cuba. Josefs fathers mental state deteriorates further, and he eventually jumps from the ship, trying to kill himself. This section starts with Josefs perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, 8 days from home (74). On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. Out of these passengers, it was mostly those who found asylum in England who survived World War II. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. Full of struggle, heroism, and non-stop adventure, Refugee is not only an important book, its a terrific story. The rest, like Josef and his mother, were largely sent to concentration camps after Germany invaded other European countries. Josefs father is taken to Havana to recover. publication in traditional print. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Lito jumps in the water to distract the Coast Guard, and Isabels mother gives birth to a boy, just as they reach the shore. Summary Josef is still outside the Havana Harbor, 21 days from home. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. The journey aboard the St. Louis from Hamburg to Havana is a sunny interlude in Josef and Ruths troubled childhood. From the outset, Gratz places readers in the middle of the action and immediately demonstrates the cruelty of the Nazis against the Jews. Frau Rosenberg takes Mahmoud aside and tells him the story of her childhood: she is Ruth, Josefs sister. However, beneath the surface, the ride isnt as perfect as it looks, and Josef has to take the initiative several times. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. This compelling novel will help young people make sense of todays refugee crisis. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Refugee is a heart-pounding adventure as well as an important book that shines a light on a too often invisible and politicized problem. In 1938 Berlin, a 12-year-old Jewish boy named Josef is awakened by the sound of Hitler's Brownshirts breaking into his family's apartment. Josef's father suffers greatly from post traumatic stress disorder from his months of torture, starvation, and hard labor in the concentration camp. The frequent dangers that surround the boat underline the fragility of hope in the life of the novels asylum-seekers. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. While they travel, they ask if anyone has seen Hana. Though Refugee is a novel, all three of its main storylines are based on actual historical events. Ed. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original Refugee is a novel by Alan Gratz that examines three interrelated stories of the refugee experience. An elderly couple, Herr and Frau Rosenberg, welcome them into their home. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days.