136 Black, Romans, 160; Calvin, Romans, 283; Dunn, Romans, 2:765; Fitzmyer, Romans, 669 and Ksemann, Romans, 358, who says that "earthly punishment carries out God's wrath." Edited by Gerald F. Hawthorne, Ralph P. Martin and Daniel G. Reid, 139-41. Does your father
The external evidence is decidedly in favor of the NA26 reading. New Testament Questions of Today. When acting within its God-given sphere, the state rules for God and He is the ultimate reason for necessary punitive action. Ksemann, Ernst. A. Emerton and C. E. B. Cranfield (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1979), 656-57 cites some of these commentators. Second, Paul, though fully conscious of the possibility that the government might commit evil, is here only speaking of its true and natural duty as a magistrate under God and appointed by him. Clearly this refers to the "person" to whom God was stipulating the regulations for the Passover. In 5:6, though the opposition spoken of was only hypothetical to show the injustice of the rich oppressors, it carries with it here the note of strong, determined opposition, sufficient to warrant decisive action on the part of the opposed. 96 An example of a current problem concerns apartheid in South Africa. J. 16:5). Ant. Cranfield is responding to this generalized interpretation of the passage. establish good traditions, and obedience to the state, that which becomes a
Dan 10:21). See Paul Jewett, Paul's Anthropological Terms: A Study of Their Use in Conflict Settings (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1977), 440, who also argues for conscience as a reference to acts already committed. live as civilized human beings. A totalitarian state which completely banishes the freedom of assembly probably doesnât have such a reasonable argument. "Zwischen Unterwerfung Und Verweigerung. Word Biblical Commentary. As Fitzmyer says, "Paul takes it for granted that the Christians of Rome have been paying taxes. 164 jApovdote is an imperative verb with a continuous nuance. But this reading of the passage has at least two weaknesses. Do you fear being punished by your teacher with an
Perhaps the best parallel usage to that in Romans 13 (which is clearly a reference to "necessity") is Matthew 18:7 where Jesus says that "things (skavndalon) that cause people to sin must (ajnagkhv) come. and 2) how does it contribute to the preceding argument? "74 According to Dunn, this balancing of the truth of governmental authority is implied in Paul's discussion of the state here in Romans 13—that is, insofar as it is explicated in the OT and Jewish sources Paul relied upon. 116 Barrett, Romans, 246; Cranfield, Romans, 2:666. Dennison, William D. "Indicative and Imperative: The Basic Structure of Pauline Ethics." While the result is perhaps true, it is best derived from OT usage as Dunn has shown. you like
Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1985. 45. Edited by Karl P. Donfried, 29-44. The question that has arisen in the interpretation of ejxousivai" is, "Does the term refer only to human rulers in Romans 13 or to human rulers plus angelic rulers as well? Edited by Karl P. Donfried, 85-101. To resist authority is therefore to resist God (1-2a). What is the meaning of thVn mavcairan forei' in verse 4b and what does ojrghVn in verse 4c signify? Moral obligation- Obeying laws are morally the right thing to do. The question of how has been subsumed under the subject in the subject/complement statement and the emphasis has been put upon the why (complement). that human beings always wish for peace and order. Would you like if your place is unclean? Paul's letters are occasional documents and the fact that he mentions something only once can more properly be explained as due to the occasion of that particular case. Porter, "Romans," 134, interprets it to refer only to the preceding argument, not to anything following it. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1971. That they both refer to the government and its retributive justice with the same language of "revenge" or "avenger" would seem to point to a common understanding and tradition. traditional values instilled. 141 The example from the Didache 12:2 is important for it has the same construction as Romans 13:5, namely, ajnagkhv plus the infinitive. Feine, Paul and Johannes Behm. 137 Barrett, Romans, 247; Zielser, Romans, 313. there if we do not perform our tasks properly. The term also carried this meaning into several patristic writers. tetagmevnai) favors a more static idea, i.e. When The Sun Finally Rises: Wrestling With The Past (Gen. 32:22-32), 2. He contends that "the term ius gladii has not been used in a technical sense for the power of the governor over either Roman citizens or peregrini" (p. 9). Introduction to the New Testament. Hultgren, A. J. Therefore, let us understand that political
92 The change from ejxousivai" (verse 1) to oiJ a[rconte" (verse 3) is probably stylistic to avoid a redundancy. It can refer to a person's judgment or estimation of another (Matt 7:2); to God's temporal judgment of sin (Rom 2:2, 3; 1 Cor. Pierce argues, (p. 71) that Paul's concept of conscience is clear: "it is the pain a man suffers when he has done wrong." New Century Bible Commentary. . Walking between the Times: Paul's Moral Reasoning. It also occurs twice in our passage, namely, verses 1 and 5. For example, I might have a legal obligation to pay tax in a deeply corrupt state, but not necessarily a moral obligation to do so. Paul says that the one who resists governmental authorities opposes (ajnqevsthken) the order or structure which comes from God. This is what our
Many commentators take telei`te as an indicative and an example therefore of the divine origin of civil government. One may also refer to the terms diavkono" (v. 4) and leitourgoiv (v. 6) to see that the authorities are servants and they, too, have a Master to whom they will give an account. In 9:12 the writer relays the story of how Antiochus IV eventually submitted to God after God had smitten him with a wasting disease. The overall witness for the NA26 reading is solid, including a A B Y. The Letter of Paul to the Romans. ... To obey a rule is a choice. Josephus uses it in relation to the submission of Israel to foreign powers, i.e. Friedrich, J., W. Pohlmann and P. Stuhlmacher. 37 Compare 1 Cor 15:45— and Genesis 2:7— .hY:j' vp,n