Where a nurse was dedicated solely to T2DM intervention by coordinating CHWs, such nurse was often referred to as nurse-case manager (NCM). In our review CHWs were most commonly used as diabetes educators for T2DM intervention. Rao M, van Pelt M, LoGerfo J, Steinman LE, Heang H, Fitzpatrick AL. Evidence and lessons from these interventions can be useful for Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa that are experiencing a marked increase in T2DM prevalence. Most diabetes management relies on a person 'self … This role and associated responsibilities will be specified in local workplace guidance and policies and by each member of the nursing team's level of competence. This includes who should provide the training and for how long. Project administration, We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the peer reviewed journal databases PubMed, CINAHL, COCHRANE, Scopus, SAGE, as well as grey literature repositories, Proquest Dissertation and Google scholar. Yes Thandi Puoane, Roles Nursing staff have an important role and clear responsibilities when treating patients with diabetes or who are having tests to diagnose diabetes. eCollection 2020. 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Further studies should attempt to explore the mediating link between self-efficacy and self-management of T2DM when CHWs are used. Diagram showing the flow process for identification and selection of eligible article in…, Fig 2. These retrieved full texts articles were subsequently screened for eligibility and selected according to set inclusion criteria. Findley et al (2012) in a New York State survey among CHWs and employers identified five basic roles played by CHWs including advocacy, education, community outreach, referral and cultural bridging[75]. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Gary TL, Batts-Turner M, Yeh HC, Hill-Briggs F, Bone LR, et al. Supervision, Approaches that involve affected individuals and communities are key, because a large number of the population resides in rural areas with little access to healthcare facilities. Yes This initially involves the paediatrician, the nurse or nurse specialist and the dietician. The summary of included articles can be seen in S1 Appendix. doi: Levitt NS, Puoane T, Denman CA, Abrahams-Gessel S, Surka S, Mendoza C, et al. We utilized both descriptive and narrative data analytical methods to glean information from articles[8]. USA.gov. Treating type 1 diabetes . 2014. We conducted this study to map the available literature and evidence related to CHWs’ roles in T2DM self-management interventions globally. No, Is the Subject Area "Database searching" applicable to this article? For PubMed search, the constructs were searched as MeSH terms, while for other databases, words such as ‘self-efficacy’ and ‘self-care’ were included as alternative to self-management, and ‘promotoras’, ‘promotores de salud’, and ‘community aides’ as alternative to CHWs. 1, 2 The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 347 million people worldwide have diabetes, with deaths from diabetes projected to double between 2005 and 2030. Assessing health-care needs of patients with diabetes in Iran's health-care system: A modified Delphi method study. Iteration between all the authors however ensured rigorous article selection and charting. While individual education was usually delivered in patient’s homes, group education was delivered at various locations such as health facilities, churches, or other community settings. If community nurses are to play a significant role in reducing the potentially devastating effects of this disease, they will need to be involved tin educating patients and implementing screening and intervention programmes. The focus group discussion found that co‐operation between health volunteers and primary care unit personnel in relation to diabetes screening, as well as defining the role of nurse practitioners who provide diabetic treatment, was important. CHWs also provide advocacy services to T2DM patients. The role of the nurse in delivering community health care is considered an essential part in managing patient’s condition at home sitting. 2020 Jun 25;15(6):e0235037. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015. Validation, Methodology, Evidence and lessons from these interventions can be useful for Low- and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa that are experiencing a marked increase in T2DM prevalence. Current statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1 … Objectives: To identify the views of nurses on their current and future roles in care in the community for people with Type 2 diabetes. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015 Oct;13(10):30-40. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1927. An estimated 422 million adults were living with the disease in 2014, compared with 108 million in 1980[1], representing a nearly quadruple increase within a period of thirty-four years. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Available from: International Diabetes Federation. The SMART2D consortium includes the following partner institutions: Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium; Collaborative Care Systems, Finland; Makerere University, School of Public Health, Uganda; University of the Western Cape, School of Public Health, South Africa; and Uppsala University, Sweden. Our classification is however based on CHWs’ role in diabetes self-management only, while some of the roles mentioned in studies above are for several other chronic conditions. To improve their self-efficacy, patients will require good knowledge of T2DM disease as well as other self-management skills, including goal setting and coping skills. Supervision, We are also cautious about interpreting the findings from this study since most selected studies came from one country, the US. Management of the disease is especially important because diabetes can lead to numerous complications, including kidney, eye and nerve issues. It includes helping patients to access health resources such as glucose strips, medication, and orthopedic shoes from health facilities, where accessing such commodities may take a longer period without help. In the third model of coordination, a more experienced CHW is used to coordinate other CHWs. Globally the number of people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen significantly over the last few decades. Archives of Internal Medicine 2009;169(19):1788-94. January [cited 2016 Apr 15];8(1):1–7. None of the studies were conducted in a low income country (LIC). Finally, diabetic patients should be aware about daily self care. We found that a combination of Education and support activities is the most frequently reported approach and is more likely to lead to improvement in HbA1c as well as diabetes knowledge compared to other combinatiosn of roles. Other instrumental roles reported in the selected studies included helping with paperwork for services, accompanying patients, and arranging health services. Four of these thirty studies reported that informational support was the only support intervention, while the remaining 26 studies reported that informational support was given in combination with other forms of support. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198424.g003. Writing – review & editing. Full text of fifty-four (54) articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Conceptualization, Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Division of Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Roles The use of an apprenticeship model for training, which refers to the coaching of newly recruited CHWs on the job by older CHWs, was reported in one study. Morales J, Glantz N, Larez A, Bevier W, Conneely M, Fan L, Reed B, Alatorre C, Paczkowski R, Ahmed T, Mackenzie A, Duncan I, Kerr D. BMC Endocr Disord. Data curation, Hispanics, most of whom were Mexican Americans, made up more than 50% of this group, with African Americans also frequently studied. Initiating community-based interventions for primary prevention. For interventions at population level that will potentially last several years, ongoing training will however be necessary. Screening for complications and referral of patients to relevant agencies when necessary are important aspects of their work, as is offering Studies have observed that increased knowledge does not necessarily translate into changes in self-management behaviour[29,37], and there is a need for further research to answer questions related to the association or lack of it between improved T2DM knowledge, self-efficacy and ultimately glycemic control. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn [Internet]. Few studies reported that CHWs were offered comprehensive multidisciplinary training by physicians, dieticians and CDE[14–16]. Once retrieved from the literature search (as ‘hits’), we selected articles through a two-stage process. 2017 May-Aug;83(3-4):661-675. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.10.009. Writing – original draft, In studies that used HbA1c as primary outcome measure, a few reported improvement in values for patients whose baseline HbA1C were much higher than the normal (closer to 10%), with very little or no gains for patients whose values were close to the normal range (<7%)[56,69]. The utilization of CHWs as a community-based strategy has been useful and effective in providing health promotion and prevention for patients with chronic diseases[5,6] Using CHWs to enhance patient and community management of T2DM is a potentially viable option and is reviewed in the current study. To regular patient care were found to lead to better outcomes compared to any of the increasingly... Significant improvements target and focus on chronic glycemic control rather than acute control in T2DM self-management, with showing... | NIH | HHS | USA.gov that affect the body uses blood sugar ( glucose ) knowledge... 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